Famous Building

The Petronas Towers or the twin skyscrapers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, are the world's tallest twin towers. Designed by the Argentinean-American architect Cesar Pelli and completed in 1997, they surpassed Chicago's Sears Tower as the record-holding tallest structure as they stand at the height of 1483 ft (452 m), but they themselves were surpassed by Taipei 101 in 2003. The twin towers house Petronas, Malaysia's government-owned oil company, as well as associated Malaysian firms and multinational companies. Part of a large burst of construction that marked the country's 1990s economic boom, the buildings stand at the northern end of a projected high-tech business zone, the Malaysia Multimedia Supercorridor. Built of steel-reinforced concrete columns clad in stainless steel and glass, with a design based on geometric patterns originating in ancient Islam, the 88-story buildings are connected at levels 41 and 42 by a double-decker pedestrian skybridge, and each tower is surmounted by a 242-ft-high (74-m) pinnacle. At the lower level, the Petronas Towers also include a concert hall that is home to the Malaysian Philharmonic and a business reference library.

Jin Mao Tower

The Jin Mao Tower (Golden Prosperity Building) is an 88-story landmark supertall skyscraper in the Lujiazui area of the Pudong district of Shanghai, People's Republic of China. It contains offices and the Shanghai Grand Hyatt hotel. It was surpassed on September 14, 2007 by the Shanghai World Financial Center.
The building is located on a 24 000m² plot of land near the Lujiazui metro station.
It was designed by the Chicago office of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. The 88 floors (93 if the spire floors are counted) are divided into 16 segments, each of which is 1/8th shorter than the 16-story base. The tower is built around an octagon-shaped concrete shear wall core surrounded by 8 exterior composite supercolumns and 8 exterior steel columns. Three sets of 8 two-story high outrigger trusses connect the columns to the core at six of the floors to provide additional support.
The building employs an advanced structural engineering system which fortifies it against typhoon winds of up to 200 km/h (with the top swaying by a maximum of 75 cm) and earthquakes of up to 7 on the Richter scale. The steel shafts have shear joints that act as shock absorbers to cushion the lateral forces imposed by winds and quakes, and the swimming pool on the 57th floor.
The exterior curtain wall is made of glass, stainless steel, aluminium, and granite, and is criss-crossed by complex latticework cladding made of aluminum alloy pipes.
Official dedication was August 28, 1998, a date also chosen with the number 8 in mind. The building was fully operational in 1999.
It reportedly has a daily maintenance cost of 1 million (US$121,000).

Tokyo City Hall by IZZUDDIN

The Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building , (also referred to as Tokyo City Hall) is the building which houses the headquarters of the Tokyo local government ; this comprises not only the 23 wards, but also the cities, towns and villages that make up Tokyo as a whole.
Located in Shinjuku, it held title of the tallest building (by roof height) in Tokyo, at 243 meters (799 feet), from 1991 until late 2006, when it surrendered its title upon the completion of Midtown Tower. The two top-floor panoramic observation decks are free of charge to the public and contain many gift shops. They are open till 11 pm on weekdays. Use of cameras is permitted, but tripods are forbidden.
The building consists of a complex of three structures each taking up a city block. The tallest and most prominent of the three is Tokyo Metropolitan Main building No.1, a tower 48 stories tall that splits into two sections at the 33rd floor. The building also has three levels below ground. The design of the building (which was supposed to look like a computer chip), by architect Kenzo tange (and associates), has many symbolic touches, most notably the aforementioned split which re-creates the look of a Gothic Catedral
Finished in 1991 at the expense of 157 billion yen (about US$ 1 billion) of public money, a popular nickname for Tochō is "Tax Tower".
The other two buildings in the complex are eight-story Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly Building (including one underground floor) and Tokyo Metropolitan Main Building No.2, which has 37 stories including three below ground

writing about a building by hishamuddin

The Empire State Building is a 102-story Art Deco Skycraper in New York City at the intersection of fifth Avenue andWest 34^th street. Its name is derived from the nickname for the state of New York. It stood as the World Tallest Bulding for more than forty years, from its completion in 1931 until construction of the Word Trade Center 's North Tower was completed in 1972.Following the destruction of World Trade center in 2001, the Empire State Building again became the tallest building in New York City. The present site of the Empire State Building was first developed as the John Thomson Farm in the late 18th century. At the time, a stream ran across the site, emptying into sunfish pond, located a block away. The block was occupied by the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in the late 19th century, and was frequented byThe Four Hundred , the social elite of New York. The Empire State Building was designed by Gregory Johnson and his architectural firm Shereve ,lamb and harmon , which produced the building drawings in just two weeks, using its earlier design for the Reynold Building inWinston Salem in Carolina, as a basis The building was actually designed from the top down The general contractors were Starrett Brothers and Eken, and the project was financed by John.J. Rascob. The construction company was chaired byAlfred Smith, a former Governor of New york

Building by Muhammad abduh

Petronas Twin Towers

Petronas Twin Towers
Petronas Twin Towers was the world's tallest building from 1998 to 2004.*
Preceded by	Sears Tower
Surpassed by	Taipei 101
Information
Location	Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Status	Complete
Constructed	1992-1998
Height
Antenna/Spire	452.0 m (1,482.9 ft)
Roof	378.6 m (1,242.1 ft)
Top floor	375.0 m (1,230.3 ft)
Technical details
Floor count	88
Floor area	395,000 m² (4,252,000 sq ft)
Elevator count	78
Companies
Architect	César Pelli
Contractor	Samsung Engineering & Construction Hazama Corporation B.L. Harbert International
Management	KLCC

The Petronas Twin Towers (also known as the Petronas Towers or Twin Towers), in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia was the worlds tallest building, before being surpassed by the Taipei 101. Tower 2 was built by the South Korean multinational Samsung Engineering & Construction and Tower 1 by Hazama Corporation of Japan. They were the world's tallest buildings from 1998 to 2004 if measured from the level of the main entrance to the structural top, the original height reference used by the US-based Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat from 1969 (three additional height categories were introduced as the tower neared completion in 1996).

Comparison with other towers

Height comparison with the Sears Tower, Taipei 101, Empire State Building and the Petronas Twin Towers

The Petronas Twin Towers were the tallest buildings in the world until Taipei 101, as measured to the top of their structural components (spires, but not antennas), took over the record. Spires are considered integral parts of the architectural design of buildings, to which changes would substantially change the appearance and design of the building, whereas antennas may be added or removed without such consequences. The Petronas Twin Towers remain the tallest twin buildings in the world.

The Sears Tower and the World Trade Center towers were each constructed with 110 occupied floors – 22 more than the Petronas Twin Towers’ 88 floors. The Sears Tower and the World Trade Center’s roofs and highest occupied floors substantially exceeded the height of the roof and highest floors of the Petronas Twin Towers. The Sears Tower’s tallest antenna is about 250 feet (76 metres) taller than the Petronas Twin Towers’ spires. However, in accordance to CTBUH regulations and guidelines, the antennas of the Sears Tower were not counted as part of its architectural features. Therefore, the Petronas Twin Towers exceed the official height of the Sears Tower by 10m, but the Sears Tower has more floors with occupied office space at a higher level.

History

Designed by Argentine-American architect César Pelli, the Petronas Towers were completed in 1998 and became the tallest buildings in the world on the date of completion. The 88-floor towers are constructed largely of reinforced concrete, with a steel and glass façade designed to resemble motifs found in Islamic art, a reflection of Malaysia's Muslim religion. They were built on the site of Kuala Lumpur's race track. Because of the depth of the bedrock, the buildings were built on the world's deepest foundations. The 120-meter foundations were built by Bachy Soletanche, and required massive amounts of concrete.

In an unusual move, a different construction company was hired for each of the towers. According to both a National Geographic documentary and a Korean newspaper, Tower 2 was successfully completed by Samsung Constructions, Kukdong Engineering & Construction (both of South Korea). However, the builders of Tower 1, Hazama Corporation (Japan), ran into problems when they discovered the structure was 25 millimeters off from vertical. The shopping mall beneath both towers was constructed by Birmingham, Alabama-based Bill Harbert International.

Due to a lack of steel and the huge cost of importing steel, the towers were constructed on a cheaper radical design of super high-strength reinforced concrete. High-strength concrete is a material familiar to Asian contractors and twice as effective as steel in sway reduction; however, it makes the building twice as heavy on its foundation than a comparable steel building. Supported by 23-by-23 meter concrete cores and an outer ring of widely-spaced super columns, the towers use a sophisticated structural system that accommodates its slender profile and provides from 1300 to 2000 square metres of column-free office space per floor.

Below the twin towers is Suria KLCC, a popular shopping mall, and Dewan Filharmonik Petronas, the home of the Malaysian Philharmonic Orchestra.

Petronas, Malaysia's national oil company, set out to build the world's tallest building. Although other buildings such as the Sears Tower have higher occupied floors, a higher antenna, and a higher roof, the Petronas Twin Towers' spires are classified as architectural details and rise to 452 m (1483 feet), giving it the greatest structural height until Taipei 101. Taking advantage of the rules governing building measurements (counting spires but not antennas) has generated controversy over the towers' claim to the title. However, the tradition of including the spire on top of a building and not including the antenna dates back to the rivalry between the Chrysler Building and the 40 Wall Street.

Other buildings have used spires to increase their height but have always been taller overall to the pinnacle when trying to claim the title. In the aftermath of the controversy, the rules governing official titles were partially overhauled, and a number of buildings re-classified structural antenna as architectural details to boost their height rating (even though nothing was actually done to the building).

page 25 exercise10 education unit

The Taj Mahal was built by Shah Jehan between the years 1631 and 1654. It is located in Agra in the north of India. It is a tomb for Jehan’s wife to show his true love. In the centre of the building is the tomb, which made of white marble. The rest of the marble is made of sandstone. Around the tomb, There are four tall marbles. The style for this is Islamic style.

NIK (building)

Nik Norhazimah binti Nek Ali
Chapter 4: page 25 (no. 10)

The Sydney Opera House is located in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The architect was Jorn Utzon. The Sydney Opera House is one of the world's most distinctive 20th century buildings, and one of the most famous performing arts venues in the world. The Sydney Opera House is an expressionist modern design. It is situated on Bennelong Point in Sydney Harbour. It was built between 1959 and 1973. The style of the building is expressionist modern design.

UNIT 4- NO 10 ( A FAMOUS BUILDING ) MARZIATI

BLUE MOSQUE ISTANBUL

The Blue Mosque also known as The Sultan Ahmed Mosque. The Sultan Ahmed Mosque (Turkish: Sultanahmet Camii) is a historical mosque in Istanbul, the largest city in Turkey and was the capital of the Ottoman Empire (from 1299 to 1923). The mosque is one of several mosques known as the Blue Mosque for the blue tiles adorning the walls of its interior. It was built between 1609 and 1616 , during the rule of Ahmed I. Like many other mosques, it also comprises a tomb of the founder, a madrasah and a hospice. The Sultan Ahmed Mosque has become one of the greatest tourist attractions of Istanbul. It was built by Sedegar Mehmet Aga. Mehmet Paşa used large quantities of materials for the construction, in particular stone and marble. The Sultan Ahmed Mosque is one of the two mosques in Turkey that has six minarets. This prayer hall is topped by an ascending system of domes and semi-domes, each supported by three exedrae , culminating in the huge encompassing central dome, which is 23.5 meters in diameter and 43 meters high at its central point. Each semi-dome has 14 windows and the central dome 28 (four of which are blind).

Welboy~Writing about a building

The Petronas Towers

Height: 1,483 ft (452 meters)Owners: Kuala Lumpur City Centre Holdings Sendirian BerhadArchitects: Cesar Pelli & AssociatesEngineers: Thornton-Tomasetti EngineersContractors: Mayjus and SKJ Joint VenturesTopping Out: 1998Official Opening: August 28, 1999
On April 15, 1996, the Council on Tall Buildings named the Petronas Towers the tallest in the world, passing the torch to a new continent. Although the project's developers, a consortium of private investors in association with the Malaysian government and Petronas, the national oil company, had not originally set out to surpass Chicago's Sears Tower, they did aspire to construct a monument announcing Kuala Lumpur's prominence as a commercial and cultural capital. In the design of American architect Cesar Pelli they found a winning scheme--twin towers of elegant proportions with a slenderness ratio (height to width) of 9.4--that would capture not only the title but the public imagination.
Pelli's design answered the developer's call to express the 'culture and heritage of Malaysia' by evoking Islamic arabesques and employing repetitive geometries characteristic of Muslim architecture. In plan, an 8-point star formed by intersecting squares is an obvious reference to Islamic design; curved and pointed bays create a scalloped facade that suggests temple towers. The identical towers are linked by a bridge at the 41st floor, creating a dramatic gateway to the city.
The structure is high-strength concrete, a material familiar to Asian contractors and twice as effective as steel in sway reduction. Supported by 75-by-75-foot concrete cores and an outer ring of widely-spaced super columns, the towers showcase a sophisticated structural system that accommodates its slender profile and provides from 14,000 to 22,000 square feet of column-free office space per floo
Other features include a curtain wall of glass and stainless steel sun shades to diffuse the intense equatorial light; a double-decker elevator system with a sky lobby transfer point on the 41st floor to accommodate the thousands of people who use the complex daily; and a mixed-use base featuring a concert hall and shopping center enveloped by nearly seventy acres of public parks and plazas.
In both engineering and design, the Petronas Towers succeed at acknowledging Malaysia's past and future, embracing the country's heritage while proclaiming its modernization. The end result, says Pelli, is a monument that is not specifically Malaysian, but will forever be identified with Kuala Lumpur.


Here are some interesting facts about the Petronas Towers:

Combined the towers have 1,000,000m2 of floor space;- at the 41st and 42nd level a skybridge connects the two towers 170m/558f above the ground. This bridge is 58.4m/192f long, weighs 750 tons and is open for the public since the end of 2000.The entrance is free (closed on Monday!), but only a limited amount of timed tickets (800) is given out each day. Chances are you will have to wait in line quite a while, before you get such a free ticket;and you're only allowed on the bridge for a mere 10 minutes. Worth it?Maybe, but instead a visit to the observatory of Menara Kuala Lumpur is much more interesting,though there is an entrance fee there (of RM15);- the towers have 32.000 windows;- the building costs were US $ 1,2 billion;- the towers were designed to symbolise strength and grace using geometric principles typified in Islamic architecture;- without pinnacle the buildings are 'only' 378m/1,240f tall;- the towers are part of the 100-acre KLCC Development.Other components of the development include the Suria KLCC, a six-story, 93,000 square feet shopping centre(with 270 specialty shops, cinema's and a food arcade), Menara Maxis, Menara Esso, the 20-hectare KLCC Park,a 6,000 capacity Surau, the District Cooling Centres to provide air conditioningand infrastructure works within the vicinity.The whole complex was built on a former horse-racing track;- the towers' complex includes an art gallery, an 840-seat concert hall, and an underground parking lot;the main occupant of the buildings is Petronas, the national oil-company;- though completed in 1998, the buildings were officially opened on August 28th, 1999;- each tower contains 80,000 m3 of concrete in strengths up to Grade 80, almost 11,000 tonnes of reinforcement,and 7,500 tonnes of structural steel beams and trusses.- when standing in front of the building and looking towards the entrance,like seen on the picture above on the left (kl015), tower 2 is the building on the left,and tower 1 is the building on the right.

Above: on this page you can find pictures of two ot the tallest buildings in the world, the Petronas Towers.They are 452 metres tall (1,483f), have 88 stories, and were completed in 1998.They were the world's tallest from 1997 (when they were topped out) until October 2003.In October 2003 Taipei 101 in Taiwan took over with a height of 509m/1,671f.


Description

The Petronas Towers are the centrepiece of the mixed-use Kuala Lumpur City Centre (KLCC) complex, set in the heart of the commercial district of the city. Rising 452 metres, the towers were certified the world’s tallest buildings by the Council of Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat in 1996. The complex is at the forefront of technology, with a form derived from an Islamic pattern, and extensive use of local materials. The towers have become a popular example of contemporary architecture in Malaysia, and their elegant form makes them the country’s most significant urban landmark.In 1981 the Malaysian Government undertook the development of a 40-hectare site in the heart of Kuala Lumpur’s emerging business district – the ‘Golden Triangle’. In 1991 an international competition was held for the design of the office tower complex and was won by Cesar Pelli & Associates.The project design is based on the concept of two interlocking squares that form an eight-pointed star modified by placing eight semicircles in the angles of the corners to create more floor space. Each tower rises eighty-eight storeys and provides 218,000 square metres of floor space, including an additional circular ‘bustle’ or annex forty-four storeys high. The towers taper at six intervals, with the walls of the upper levels sloping inwards. Both towers are topped by a conical spire and a 73.5-metre-high pinnacle.The structure supporting each of the towers comprises a ring of sixteen cylindrical columns of high-strength reinforced concrete, placed on the inner corners of the star-shaped plan to form a ‘soft tube’, with the columns linked by arched ring beams, also made of structural concrete. The columns are nearly 2.4 metres in diameter at the base of the building, but taper as they rise through the floors, as well as sloping towards the centre of the towers. At the centre of each tower is a square core, which contains elevators, mechanical shafts and other services, with beams extending out to the perimeter columns. The core occupies 23 per cent of the floor plan – a relatively low ratio in comparison to other skyscrapers. The foundation system of the towers consists of a 4.5-metre-thick piled raft supported on rectangular friction piles varying in depth from 40 metres to 105 metres.The towers are connected at the forty-first and forty-second levels, 170 metres above street level, by a sky bridge, enabling intercommunication between the towers. The structural design of the sky bridge was complex because it had to accommodate differing movements from each tower. The towers are also joined at their base to form a six-level retail and entertainment complex with a central atrium. From the atrium, two ‘streets’, lined with over 300 shops, cafés and restaurants, extend along opposite axes. In addition, the complex includes an 880-seat concert hall, an art gallery, a specialized library and an interactive science discovery centre, as well as a four-storey underground car park for 5,400 cars.Throughout the complex, automatic controls and advanced communication systems reduce energy consumption and promote convenience of use. One such system controls vertical transportation, which is provided by double-deck lifts capable of carrying twenty-six people per deck. The integrated energy-conservation concept of the towers is based on an innovative ‘cool-recovery’ system, which uses heat from exhaust air to power the cooling of outside air as it enters the building. The system reduces the amount of energy required to air condition the building by 50 per cent.The Petronas Towers complex combines modern technology with a sense of cultural identity. It has also introduced new architectural standards to Malaysia in terms of design, construction and technology.

Ching~~WRITING ABOUT BUILDING>>JIN MAO BUILDING - SHANGHAI

The Jin Mao Tower (Chinese: 金茂大厦; pinyin: Jīn Mào Dàshà; literally "Golden Prosperity Building") is an 88-story landmark supertall skyscraper in the Lujiazui area of the Pudong district of Shanghai, People's Republic of China. It contains offices and the Shanghai Grand Hyatt hotel. Until 2007 it was the tallest building in the PRC, the fifth tallest in the world by roof height and the seventh tallest by pinnacle height. Along with the Oriental Pearl Tower, it is a centerpiece of the Pudong skyline. It was surpassed on September 14, 2007 by the Shanghai World Financial Center.

It was designed by the Chicago office of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. whose complexity rises as it ascends, draws on traditional Chinese architecture such as the tiered pagoda, gently stepping back to create a rhythmic pattern as it rises. The foundations rest on 1,062 high-capacity steel piles driven 83.5 m deep in the ground to compensate for poor upper-strata soil conditions. At the time those were the longest steel piles ever used in a land-based building. The piles are capped by a 4 m-thick concrete raft 19.6 m underground. The basement's surrounding slurry wall is 1 m thick, 36 m high and 568 m long, and composed of 20,500 m³ of reinforced concrete.

~++helen~

(Hau) Writing about a building

The Taipei 101 is located in Taipei, Taiwan. The architect was C.Y.Lee. The Taipei 101 was built between 1999 and 2004. It is one of the world’s tallest completed Skyscrapers. It is 509.2 metres high include Antenna or spire and 101storeys above ground and five underground. The style of the building is postmodern combines tradition and modernity in way that make it Asian and international both at once. Its safety features enable it to withstand typhoons and earthquakes. The building is very light inside because it is made of glass and steel. A multi-level shopping mall adjoining the tower houses hundreds of fashionable stores, restaurants and clubs.

unit 4 no 10 (famous building SITI HASLINA)

The famous building that I choose is Burj Al Arab. It is located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Burj Al Arab is a luxury hotel and it managed by the Jumeirah Group. It was designed by British architech, Tom Wright. The design and managed by Canadian engineer Rick Gregory. Construction of Burj al Arab began in 1994 and it’s opening in April 2008. Burj Al Arab was the tallest building used exclusively as a hotel at 321 metres. Burj Al Arab stands on an artificial island at 280 metres out of Jumeirah beach. It also connected to the mainland by a private curving bridge. It is iconic structure and designed to symbolize Dubai’s urban transformation and to mimic the sail of a boat. Burj Al Arab had helicopter landing pad at the top. It has a 28 double story floor which accommodate 202 bedroom suites. It also has restaurants and among the top ten best restaurant of the world. Burj Al Arab was a 7 star deluxe hotel and the world’s tallest hotel.

(Tan) Write About A Building

The Burj Dubai is located in United Arab Emirates. According to the developers, it will be the tallest building on earth. The Burj Dubai was began built on September 21, 2004 and it is

expected to be comp

The Burj Dubai is located in United Arab Emirates. According to the developers, it will be the tallest building on earth. The Burj Dubai was began built on September 21, 2004 and it is expected to be completed and ready for occupation in September 2009. It is built by Adrian D.Smith, FAIA and RIBA. The style of the building is postmodern and has 162 floor and 818 meters high. The building is the high rise which is made of glass, steel, aluminium and concrete. Burj Dubai will become the world’s tallest building, along with the world’s tallest man-made structure when it is completed.

unit 4. no.10(Famous building NORA YUSOF)

The Sydney Opera House is located in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site on June 28, 2007. The architect was Jorn Utzon. The Sydney Opera House is one of the world‘s most distinctive 20th century buildings and completed on 1973. It is situated on Bennelong Point in Sydney Harbour, close to the Sydney Harbour Bridge. The type of this building is arts complex and the style is expressionist modern design, with series of large precast concrete “shells”, each take from a hemisphere of the same radius, forming the roofs of the structure. The Opera house covers 1.8 hectares (4.5 acres) of land. It is supported on 588 concrete piers sunk up to25 metres below sea level. The building and its surroundings are one of the best known icons of Australia.